SD Dojavi Slobodna Dalmacija
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Spužve se, kao i većina morskih organizama, mogu uzgajati te već i postoji određena tehnologija koja je poznata, i koja se već primjenjuje, ali, jasno, postoje i određene teškoće vezane za uzgoj. Kao i kod drugih organizama važno je osigurati dobar matični stok iz prirodne populacije.

Prilikom uzgoja koristi se regenerativna sposobnost spužve te se odrežu 2/3 žive spužve, a preostala 1/3 ostavlja se u svojem staništu da se regenerira. Odrezani dijelovi se transportiraju u morskoj vodi do uzgajališta te im treba nekoliko tjedana da se priviknu na okolišne uvjete koji vladaju u uzgajalištu.

Nemamo dovoljno prostora objašnjavati cijeli postupak, pa ćemo sve pojednostavniti tako da kažemo kako se odrezani dijelovi, određene veličine, počinju brzo regenerirati i stvarati površinski zaštitni sloj. U otprilike mjesec dana zarezani dio u potpunosti zacijeli i ponovno se oblikuje uobičajeni okruglasti oblik.

Ovisno o vrsti spužve uzgoj traje dvije ili više godina. Protekom tog razdoblja spužve dostižu svoju komercijalnu veličinu te su spremne za prodaju ili se od njih režu komadići za daljnji uzgoj. Jasno, sve spužve koje se uzgajaju ne uspiju preživjeti te stopa preživljavanja ovisi o uvjetima okoliša, zdravstvenom stanju matične spužve od koje potječu fragmenti, načinu na koji je fragment odrezan i tehnici uzgoja.

Nadalje, s obzirom na sporiji rast, s ekonomskog stajališta isplativost počinje tek nakon nekoliko godina. Poseban problem u uzgoju je razvoj raznih bolesti koje se među spužvama šire vrlo brzo i s obzirom na postojeću tehnologiju trenutno ih je gotovo nemoguće kontrolirati.

Uzročnici razvoja bolesti najčešće su različiti invazivni patogeni mikroorganizmi koji prvo počinju uništavati vanjski fibrozni sloj tijela, odakle se brzo šire u unutrašnjost tijela uništavajući živo tkivo spužve.

Kod uzgoja spužvi važan je pravilan izbor materijala za pričvršćivanje i daljnji rast. Danas se za uzgoj najčešće upotrebljavaju različite mreže u obliku cilindra i konopa.

Iako bi najjednostavnije bilo uzgajati spužve u obalnim vodama, ipak je najbolje birati lokacije na kojima već uspijevaju prirodne populacije spužvi jer ste tada sigurni da u tome području postoje optimalni fizikalni, kemijski i biološki uvjeti pogodni za razvoj spužvi. Također, postoje i prijedlozi da se spužve uzgajaju u blizini plutajućih kaveza za uzgoj ribe jer bi na taj način smanjivale onečišćenje.

S obzirom na sposobnost spužvi da brzo filtriraju more u kojem ima različitih suspendiranih čestica, jasno je da bi takav simbiotski pristup imao dvostruko pozitivan efekt.

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Za Otvoreno more pišu Tonka Alujević i Edo Šegvić, na pitanja čitatelja odgovara Alen Soldo. Pogledajte i predivne galerije Srđana Vrančića koji snima vrhunske podvodne fotografije, a na njima su najčešće tropske ribe i ostale egzotične morske životinje. 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Spužve se, kao i većina morskih organizama, mogu uzgajati te već i postoji određena tehnologija koja je poznata, i koja se već primjenjuje, ali, jasno, postoje i određene teškoće vezane za uzgoj. Kao i kod drugih organizama važno je osigurati dobar matični stok iz prirodne populacije.

Prilikom uzgoja koristi se regenerativna sposobnost spužve te se odrežu 2/3 žive spužve, a preostala 1/3 ostavlja se u svojem staništu da se regenerira. Odrezani dijelovi se transportiraju u morskoj vodi do uzgajališta te im treba nekoliko tjedana da se priviknu na okolišne uvjete koji vladaju u uzgajalištu.

Nemamo dovoljno prostora objašnjavati cijeli postupak, pa ćemo sve pojednostavniti tako da kažemo kako se odrezani dijelovi, određene veličine, počinju brzo regenerirati i stvarati površinski zaštitni sloj. U otprilike mjesec dana zarezani dio u potpunosti zacijeli i ponovno se oblikuje uobičajeni okruglasti oblik.

Ovisno o vrsti spužve uzgoj traje dvije ili više godina. Protekom tog razdoblja spužve dostižu svoju komercijalnu veličinu te su spremne za prodaju ili se od njih režu komadići za daljnji uzgoj. Jasno, sve spužve koje se uzgajaju ne uspiju preživjeti te stopa preživljavanja ovisi o uvjetima okoliša, zdravstvenom stanju matične spužve od koje potječu fragmenti, načinu na koji je fragment odrezan i tehnici uzgoja.

Nadalje, s obzirom na sporiji rast, s ekonomskog stajališta isplativost počinje tek nakon nekoliko godina. Poseban problem u uzgoju je razvoj raznih bolesti koje se među spužvama šire vrlo brzo i s obzirom na postojeću tehnologiju trenutno ih je gotovo nemoguće kontrolirati.

Uzročnici razvoja bolesti najčešće su različiti invazivni patogeni mikroorganizmi koji prvo počinju uništavati vanjski fibrozni sloj tijela, odakle se brzo šire u unutrašnjost tijela uništavajući živo tkivo spužve.

Kod uzgoja spužvi važan je pravilan izbor materijala za pričvršćivanje i daljnji rast. Danas se za uzgoj najčešće upotrebljavaju različite mreže u obliku cilindra i konopa.

Iako bi najjednostavnije bilo uzgajati spužve u obalnim vodama, ipak je najbolje birati lokacije na kojima već uspijevaju prirodne populacije spužvi jer ste tada sigurni da u tome području postoje optimalni fizikalni, kemijski i biološki uvjeti pogodni za razvoj spužvi. Također, postoje i prijedlozi da se spužve uzgajaju u blizini plutajućih kaveza za uzgoj ribe jer bi na taj način smanjivale onečišćenje.

S obzirom na sposobnost spužvi da brzo filtriraju more u kojem ima različitih suspendiranih čestica, jasno je da bi takav simbiotski pristup imao dvostruko pozitivan efekt.

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Nikša Stipaničev/Ilustracija/Cropix
Nikša Stipaničev/Ilustracija/Cropix
Spužve na otoku Krapnju
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filtracija i regeneracijaI morske spužve se mogu uzgajati, no u tom procesu ima teškoća. Ekonomska isplativost počinje tek nakon nekoliko godina

Piše Alen Soldo
7. prosinca 2021. - 12:45
Spužve na otoku Krapnju
Spužve na otoku KrapnjuNikša Stipaničev/Ilustracija/Cropix

Spužve se, kao i većina morskih organizama, mogu uzgajati te već i postoji određena tehnologija koja je poznata, i koja se već primjenjuje, ali, jasno, postoje i određene teškoće vezane za uzgoj. Kao i kod drugih organizama važno je osigurati dobar matični stok iz prirodne populacije.

Prilikom uzgoja koristi se regenerativna sposobnost spužve te se odrežu 2/3 žive spužve, a preostala 1/3 ostavlja se u svojem staništu da se regenerira. Odrezani dijelovi se transportiraju u morskoj vodi do uzgajališta te im treba nekoliko tjedana da se priviknu na okolišne uvjete koji vladaju u uzgajalištu.

Nemamo dovoljno prostora objašnjavati cijeli postupak, pa ćemo sve pojednostavniti tako da kažemo kako se odrezani dijelovi, određene veličine, počinju brzo regenerirati i...

#MORSKE SPUŽVE#ALEN SOLDO#ALEN SOLDO OTVORENO MORE#MORSKE SPUŽVE UZGOJ
20. svibanj 2024 19:14